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作文的得分要求好的句子和完整的文章。研考英语文章的完整性就是模式，也就是大家都熟悉的`三段式`。这种模式不需要过多的练习，几乎所有的辅导班和教材都会大讲特讲各种模式，只要按照模式去操作就行。写好的句子要求就比较高了，非得经过练习不可。现在考生的作文中充满各种莫名其妙的句子，特别容易丢分。如：As known to all, leaving the environment, we`ll lose the capability of living. 这样的句子就是因为直接源于汉语，而显得表面上`无懈可击`，实则辞不达意。经过训练，不难写出It`s well known that we can`t live without a good environment之类的句子。
怎么训练句子的写作呢？
首先需要掌握一些固定的句式。把平时自己喜欢的句子用汉语写出来，固定下来，之后就套用英语句式。比如It`s + Adj. + that / to就是比较典型的一种句型，可以经常套用。这其实就是一项`汉译英`的工作，考生在作文时，很难临场即兴写出那些正确而优美的句子，只好平时积累下来。
其次可以把自己写的句子`炫示`于人，总会有人情不自禁帮你把句子改得更好。有这样一个考`托`的朋友，开始不知道怎么写，但是他的勇气总是很大，常常把一些句子公布出来，让周围的同仁`欣赏`，结果碰到一个高手，很生气地修正他的句子，最后受益的还是他自己。为什么要让别人看自己的`弱点`呢？原因就是，考生根本无法判别自己造出来的英语句子是否正确。而在阅卷时，句子错误或不通是很大的一个失分点。
此外，注意学习动词，尤其是动词词组的用法。英语句子的构造以动词为主，英语句子的地道也以动词或动词词组的妙用为本。如有这样一句经常出现在作文中的话，`许多恼人的问题仍然悬而未决。`很多考生会这样写：Many puzzling questions are still suspending. 转换一下动词，这个句子就是：Many puzzling questions remain unanswered. 效果就大不一样了。
几种典型的作文开头引述方法
Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫）
[1] It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT
[2] A widely accepted(commonly) hold idea(point of view,viewpoint, opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP
[3] A/The dominant(prevalent, prevailing)idea(see [2])is NP/to DO
[4] It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it for granted THAT)
[5] People(The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see [2]),without questioning,THAT
[6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ
[7] People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO
Type2提出异议
[1] However (But),…
[2] Such idea(see[1-2]),if not entirely ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.
ADJI=unreasonable,unacceptable, inappropriate,improper,undesirable,
etc;
ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul, etc
[3] In fact(As a matter of fact),…(follow[2])
[4] However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case.
[5] This (It) is not (quite, necessarily) the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion)
Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折
[1] The reason lies in several aspects,
[2] The reason why+clause+[1, underlined]
[3] There are several remarkable reasons.
[4] 层进in addition, besides, fruthermore, what’s more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one thing…for another; finally, above all, in short.
[5] 举例for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific terms),a typical (striking) example is that, a case in point
[6] 转折however, but, nevertheless,on the contrary
[7] 条件if , provided that, unless, as long as,etc
Type4 就…而言；关于
[1] as far as …is/are concemed: As far as current situation is concerned
[2] as to: the problem as to NP有关…的问题
Type5问题
[1] Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory (or: the problem remains unsolved, little improvement has been achieved)
[2] There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed out (shown, revealed, indicated),+THAT
[3] There is growing concern about +NP
[4] It will inevitably (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP)
[5] Unfortunately,…
[6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.
[7] The process, once initiated, is most likely irreversible.
[8] We are constantly (frequently) faced with NP
TYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视
[1] NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance)
[2] The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that…
[3] NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2
[4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous)
[5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2
[6] It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT)
[7] Special attention should be pay to …(or: We should pay special attention to…)
[8] What we should take into consideration is +NP
Type7行动
[1](immediate, emergent, effective) Measures are being taken (has been
taken, should be taken) to DO
[3] We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make (cf. We have learnt a lot, there is much more we need to learn.)
Type8二择其一
[1] If it were left for me to decide whether (wh-clause),I would, without hesitation, choose+to DO (or: I would prefer the former/the latter)
[2] To DO/NP is a matter of prerence.
[3] It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.
[4] The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.
[5] In fact, we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.
[6] It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely
[7] (of two conflicting ideas, concepts) Though conflicting to one another, they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.
[8] The benefits of NP are varied…
[9]While disadvantages are unavoidable, it is the advantages that prevail.
from univerciti.com
All rights reserved. 谈考研英语写作应注意的几个问题
近几年英语入学试卷取消了汉译英而代之英语作文，这是近年来英语考题的一个巨大变革。那么如何有效地进行英语作文呢?英语作文涉及的问题很多，这是综合考查考生掌握、应用英语语言的能力。这里我们着重谈谈“中心突出”与“结构连贯”这两个问题。
“中心突出”是对段落内容而言，即指一致性(unity)原则在文章段落中的体现。所谓一致性原则是要求每段只能有一个中心思想或主题，说明某一件事或某一个问题等。在英语中，段落的中心思想或主题通常概括为一个主题句，也称段旨句。段落中其他各句亦称从属句，都要有助于发展主题的中心思想，都要为中心思想服务。概括地说，“中心突出”要求主题句与段落中其他各句必须统一，从意义上体现段落的完整性。
“结构连贯”则对段落结构而言，它要求段落中各句的组织与安排以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序进行，做到条理清楚、层次分明。“结构连贯”是要求从句子。结构上体现段落的完整性。
近年来，有些研究对英语段落结构形式的基本特点和结构规律的本质特征作了进一步探讨，进行了新的分析，其主要观点有：英语段落的一个基本特点，是它一般按照一条直线展开；英语段落往往先陈述段落的中心意思，后分点说明；英语段落从段旨句到段落中其他各句的展开，段落的层级关系主要有两种，即概括→具体导向和概括→具体兼果因循环导向两种主导关系。
应考者要进行有效的英语作文复习，首先离不开模仿。而模仿应建立在熟悉英语段落的结构模式的基础上，对于初学英语作文的考生来说，首先从模仿英语典型线性段落着手．掌握其结构的层级关系与主导关系特征，就能做到“中心突出”与“结构连贯”进行有效的英语写作。
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